Electrode — What It Is and Why It Matters
An electrode in welding is a conductor through which welding current flows to create and maintain the arc. Electrodes are classified as consumable (they melt and become part of the weld, like stick rods and MIG wire) or non-consumable (they sustain the arc without melting, like tungsten in TIG welding).
In stick welding, the electrode is a coated metal rod. The core wire provides filler metal while the flux coating produces shielding gas, deoxidizers, and slag. Electrodes are classified by their coating type: cellulosic (E6010, E6011), rutile (E6013), and basic/low-hydrogen (E7018). Each type has different arc characteristics, penetration profiles, and positional capabilities.
In MIG welding, the continuously fed wire is technically the electrode since it carries the welding current. In TIG welding, the tungsten electrode carries current to create the arc but does not melt into the weld pool — filler metal is added separately.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most popular welding electrode?
E7018 is the most widely specified electrode in structural welding. It is a low-hydrogen, basic-coated rod that produces strong, ductile, crack-resistant welds. For general shop and farm work, E6013 is extremely popular for its easy arc striking, smooth running, and forgiveness of technique errors.
How should welding electrodes be stored?
Low-hydrogen electrodes (E7018, E7028) must be stored in a heated rod oven at 250-300°F after opening. They absorb moisture from the air, and moisture introduces hydrogen into the weld, causing porosity and cracking. Other electrode types can be stored in sealed containers at room temperature.